Estrogenic compounds and animal growth promoters



United States Patent M 3,239,349 ESTROGENKC CGMPOUNDS AND ANIMAL GRQWTH PROMOTERS Edward lli. Hodge, Phil H. Hidy, and Herbert L. Wehrrneister, all of Terre Hautc, lnd., assignors to Commercial Solvents Corporation, a corporation of Maryland No Drawing. Filed Feb. 15, 1965, Ser, No. 432,852 18 Claims. (Cl. 99-2) where X is iodine, Y is either hydrogen or iodine, A is one of the radicals CH=CH or -CH -CH and R is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, e.g., lower alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, hexyl, etc. but hydrogen is preferred. Compounds having the above formula where R is unsubstituted or substituted aryl, e.g., phenyl and bromophenyl, acyl, e.g., acetyl and valeryl, and aralkyl, e.g., benzyl, are also contemplated by the present invention.

The compounds can be administered to animals by any suitable method including oral and parenteral administration. For example, the compound can be blended with ordinary feed containing nutritional values in an amount sufiicient to produce the desired rate of growth and thus be fed directly to the animals, or the compound can be suspended in a suitable injection suspension medium such as peanut oil and injected parenterally. The amount of compound fed to an animal, of course, varies depending upon the animal, desired rate of growth and the like.

When the new compounds are to be administered in feeds, an animal feed composition may be prepared containing the usual nutritionally-balanced quantities of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals, together with a compound of the present invention. Some of these usual dietary elements are grains, such as ground grain and grain by-products; animal protein substances, such as those found in fish meal and meat scraps; vegetable proteins like soybean oil meal or peanut oil mean; vitaminaceous materials, e.g., vitamin A and D mixtures; riboflavin supplements and other vita-min B complex members; and bone meal and limestone to provide minerals. A type of conventional feed material for use with cattle includes alfalfa hay and ground corn cobs together with supplementary vitaminaceous substances if desired.

The compounds of the present invention can be produced from the compound:

hereinafter referred to as the fermentation estrogenic substance (F.E.S.), by iodination to add one or two iodine atoms. The olefinic bond can be reduced using conventional reduction procedures. The nomenclature used 3,239,349 Patented Mar. 8, 1966 herein is based upon the F.E.S. compound. For example, the compound produced upon reduction of the olefinic bond is referred to as a dihydro F.E.S. compound (i.e., A is -CI-l -CH Compounds of this invention having A as -CH=CH and where both X and Y are iodine are referred to as diiodo-, and where Y is hydrogen as monoiodo-, F.E.S. compounds. Compounds where both Rs are alkyl are referred to as dialkyl-, and where one of the Rs is alkyl as monoalkyl-, F.E.S. compounds.

The olefinic bond of F.E.S. can be reduced, for example, by hydrogenation in the presence of a Group VIII metal, particularly platinum or palladium, catalyst supported on a suitable carrier, e.g., charcoal. Generally the catalyst contains from about 0.01 to about 10% of the catalytic metal. The catalyst is used in a ratio of generally between about 0.02 and 2 grams and preferably between about 0.1 to 0.5 gram, particularly 0.2 gram, catalyst per gram of PBS. The reduction may be carried out while F.E.S. is suspended in a suitable solvent, e.g., an alcohol, especially a lower alkanol such as Z-propano l, ethanol, methanol, and acid such as acetic acid etc. at ambient temperatures or temperatures of, for example, 15 to 40 C., and ambient pressures since only the presence of hydrogen is required. The use of elevated pressure, e.g., from about 1 to atmospheres is, however, preferred.

In producing compounds of the present invention where R is alkyl, conventional alkylation procedures can be used to replace the H atom of one or both of the OH groups on the benzene ring of F.E.S. with an alkyl group. Alkylated dihydro F.E.S. compounds can be produced, for example, by first hydrogenating the olcfinic bond, adding the iodine and then alkylating RES. In producing compounds of the present invention where A is CH:CH, the iodine is advantageously added before the compound is alkylated. The alkylation can be by reaction with the corresponding dialkyl sulfates, e.g. dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, etc. to produce the dialkyl F.E.S. or a monoalkyl F.E.S. with the alkyl group replacing the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring ortho to the ester group. Furthermore, a monomethyl F.E.S. compound with the methyl group replacing the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group para to the ester group can be selectively produced using diazomethane.

The fermentation estrogenic substance (F.E.S.) is so named since a convenient method for producing it is by cultivating, on a suitable nutrient medium, the organism Gibberella zeae (Gordon) on deposit at the Northern Utilization Research and Develo ment Division of the United States Department of Agriculture under the number NRRL-2830.

The following examples are offered to illustrate this invention; however the invention is not limited to the specific materials, amounts, and procedures set forth. The first example illustrates preparation of a suitable inoculum containing the organism Gibberella zeae (Gordon) NRRL-2830.

Example I A spore sand culture containing Gibberella zeae (Gordon) NRRL-2830 was aseptically placed in a sterile tube containing 15 milliliters of Czapeks-Dox solution and a small amount of agar. This medium was then incubated for about 168 hours at approximately 25 C. At the end of the incubation period, the medium was washed with 5 milliliters of sterile deionized water and transferred to a sterile tube containing 45 milliliters of Czapeks-Dox solution. The contents of the tube were then incubated for about 96 hours at about 25 C. after which the material was available for use in inoculation of a fermentation medium.

3 The following example illustrates the fermentation of the organism Gibberella zeae (Gordon) NRRL-283O to produce F.E.S.

Example II To a 2 liter flask were added 300 grams of finely divided corn. The flask and its contents were then sterilized and after sterilization 150 milliliters of sterile deionized water were added. To the mixture in the flask were then added 45 milliliters of the inoculum prepared by the process of Example I and the material was thoroughly mixed. The mixed material was then incubated for about 20 days at 25 C. in a dark room in a water-saturated atmosphere.

The following example illustrates the recovery of the F.E.S. anabolic substance from the fermentation medium.

Example III A 300 gram portion of fermented material produced by the method of Example II was placed in 500 milliliters of deionized water and slurried. The slurry was then heated for about minutes at 75 C., 300 grams of filter aid were then added and the material was filtered. The solid filtered material containing the anabolic substance was then air dried, and 333 grams of the dried cake were then extracted wtih 500 milliliters of ethanol. This procedure was repeated three more times. The ethanol extract was evaporated to dryness under vacuum to give 684 grams of solid material. This solid material was then dissolved in milliliters of chloroform and extracted with 30 milliliters of an aqueous solution containing 5% by weight of sodium carbonate having an adjusted pH of about 11.2. The extraction process was repeated seven more times. The pH of the sodium-carbonate extract was then adjusted to 6.2 with hydrochloric acid, to yield an anabolic substance-containing precipitate. The precipitate and the aqueous sodium carbonate extract were then each in turn extracted wtih 75 milliliters of ethyl ether. This procedure was repeated three more times to yield a light yellow ethereal solution, which was then evaporated to yield 116 milligrams of solid anabolic substance. This material was then subjected to multiple transfer countercurrent distribution using 100 tubes and a solvent system consisting of two parts chloroform and two parts carbon tetrachloride as the lower phase and four parts methanol and one part water as the upper phase, all parts by volume. The solid material obtained from the multiple transfer countercurrent distribution was F.E.S.

The production of monoiodo F.E.S. is illustrated by the following example.

Example I V Stock solution A was made by dissolving 433 milligrams of F.E.S. in 80 milliliters of acetic acid and diluting the resulting mixture to 100 milliliters with water. Stock solution B was made by dissolving 5 grams of periodic acid (H10 in 200 milliliters of water and adding 800 milliliters of acetic acid to the resulting solution.

To milliliters of stock solution A was added 50 milliliters of stock solution B. After one hour, 5 milliliters of 20% K1 solution was added and after another 10 minutes, another 5 milliliters of 20% KI solution was added. After an additional 5 minutes the excess iodine was titrated with 0.1038 N sodium thiosulfate solution. The titrated mixture was diluted with 500 milliliters of Water and filtered after standing for one hour. The solid was washed with 50 milliliters water and dried in a vacuum desiccator. The product weighed 115 milligrams and melted at 166- 169 C.

A similar experiment was conducted using 3 milliliters of KI solution which was added after one-half hour and 7 milliliters KI solution which was added after one hour gave 101 milligrams of product with a melting point of 167159 C.

The products from the above two runs were combined and recrystallized from 60 milliliters cyclohexane to yield 77 milligrams of material with a melting point of 164- 4 165.5 C. A second recrystallization yielded 30 milligrams of product having a melting point of 164166 C. and analyzing:

Found Percent C 49. 84 Percent H 4.99 Percent I 28. 57 27.32

The production of diiodo F.E.S. is illustrated by the following example.

Example V The product, in an amount of 91 milligrams and having a melting point of 88-96 C., was recovered and recrystallized first from cyclohexane and then from n-hexane to yield the diiodo F.E.S. product having a melting point of 125.5-127 C. and analyzing:

The following example illustrates the production of dihydromonoiodo F.E.S.

Example VI Two 10 gram portions of F.E.S., each in 200 milliliters acetic acid, were catalytically reduced at room temperature in the presence of 1.2 grams of PdO catalyst at a hydrogen pressure of about 45 p.s.i. The combined reduction mixtures were heated to boiling, filtered and the filter cake was washed with 50 milliliters of hot acetic acid. The cooled filtrate was added with stirring to 2 liters of water. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes and the white solid was collected by filtration, washed and dried in a vacuum desiccator to yield 19.1 grams of dihydro F.E.S. having a melting point of 191193 C.

The dihydro F.E.S. is subjected to essentially the same iodine treatment described in Example IV to prodlice the compound The production of dimethyldihydroiodo F.E.S. is illustrated by the following example.

Example VII three, two-milliliter portions of dimethyl sulfate at half hour intervals followed by stirring for an additional hour. The mixture was acidic and it was made alkaline by the addition of 10 milliliters 10% NaOH and the alkaline mixture was stirred one-half hour. The solid formed was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in a vacuum desiccator. The product weighed 526 milligrams and melted at 115 -117 C. Recrystallization from a mixture of 10 milliliters of water and 25 milliliters of ethanol provided 371 milligrams of material having a melting point of 124-l25.5 C. It was analyzed with the following results:

The dimethyldihydro F.E.S. is subjected to essentially the same iodine treatment described in Example IV to produce the compound The following example illustrates the production of monomethyland dimethyl-diiodo F.E.S., the monomethyl F.E.S. having a methyl group which replaced the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring ortho to the ester group.

Example VIII Dimethyl sulfate milliliters) was added to a solution of 2.24 grams RES. in 80 milliliters of a NaOH solution and milliliters of water. The mixture was stirred for one-half hour at 18-20 C. (cooling bath) and an additional 5 milliliters of dimethyl sulfate was added. After an additional 70 minutes of stirring at 20-26 C., the solid precipitate, solid A, was collected by filtration, Washed with water and dried. The filtrate from solid A was acidified with milliliters 12 N H 80 to yield a second precipitate, solid B, which was collected, washed with water, and dried.

Solid A (0.79 gram having a melting point of 114- 118 C.) was recrystallized from a mixture of 10 milliliters water and 15 milliliters ethanol to yield 0.66 gram of dimethyl F.E.S. having a melting point of 108-110 C.

Solid B (1.39 grams having a melting point of l52- 162 C.) was recrystallized twice from a mixture of water and alcohol to yield 0.80 gram of monomethyl F.E.S. product having a melting point of 169-174 C. Analysis of solid B showed:

Each of the monomethyl F.E.S. and dirnethyl F.E.S. is subjected to essentially the same iodine treatment described in Example V to produce the respective compounds:

Monomethyl PBS. with the methyl group replacing the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring para to the ester group was prepared by the following procedure.

Nitrosomethylurea in an amount of 1.2 grams was slowly added to a cold mixture of 3.6 milliliters of 50% potassium hydroxide and 17 milliliters of ether. After a few minutes the yellow ether layer of the mixture was decanted, dried over potassium hydroxide, and then added to a solution of 0.30 gram RES. in 17 milliliters of ether. The resulting yellow mixture was left overnight in a loosely stoppered flask and then ether and diazomethane were evaporated 01f using a steam bath. The remaining gummy residue Was crystallized by adding 3 milliliters of water, heating to 60 C., and adding ethanol almost to solution. On cooling, crystals formed, yielding 0.137 gram of a product having a melting point of l11116 C. which was again recrystallized in the same way to yield 0.082 gram of monomethyl F.E.S. having a melting point of -122 C. and the following analysis:

Cale. Found (019 2105) Percent O 68.7 68. 3 Percent H 7. 28 7. 38 Percent OCHa 9. 34 9.17

The monomethyl F.E.S. was subjected to essentially the same iodine treatment described in Example V to produce the compound:

Example X X CH3 C=O A (0119/ wherein A is a radical selected from the group consisting of CH=CH and CH -CH X is iodine; Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and iodine and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl.

2. The compound of claim 1 wherein A is CH= CH- and R is hydrogen.

3. An animal feed comprising a nutritional diluent and growth promoting amounts of the compound of claim 1. 4. The compound of claim 2 wherein Y is hydrogen.

5. The compound of claim 2 wherein Y is iodine.

6. The compound of claim 1 wherein A is CH CH R is hydrogen and Y is hydrogen.

7. The compound of claim 1 wherein A is CH CH R is methyl and Y is hydrogen.

8. The compound of claim 1 wherein A is CH== CH, R is methyl and Y is iodine.

9. The compound of claim 1 wherein A is CH= CH, the R ortho to the ester group is methyl, the other R is hydrogen, and Y is iodine.

10. The compound if claim 1 wherein A is CH= CH, the R para to the ester group is methyl, the other R is hydrogen, and Y is iodine.

11. An aminal feed comprising a nutritional diluent and growth promoting amounts of the compound of claim 13. An animal feed comprising a nutritional diluent and growth promoting amounts of the compound of claim 5 15. An animal feed comprising a nutritional diluent and growth promoting amounts of the compound of claim 7 16. An animal feed comprising a nutritional diluent and growth promoting amounts of the compound of claim 8 17. An animal feed comprising a nutritional diluent and growth promoting amounts of the compound of claim 18. An animal feed comprising a nutritional diluent ird growth promoting amounts of the compound of claim References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 8/1958 Brian et a1. 992

OTHER REFERENCES 19gtzob et al., Nature, vol. 196, page 1318, December 29,

A. LOUIS MONACELL, Primary Examiner. 

3. AN ANIMAL FEED COMPRISING AN NUTRITIONAL DILUENT AND GROWTH PROMOTING AMOUNTS OF THE COMPOUND OF CLAIM
 1. 